July 2012
32 posts
The first enumerated power that the Constitution grants to Congress is the “power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States.” The text indicates that the taxing power is not plenary, but can be used only for defined ends and objects—since a comma, not a semicolon, separated the clauses on means (taxes) and ends (debts, defense, welfare).
This punctuation was no small matter. In 1798, Pennsylvania Rep. Albert Gallatin said that fellow Pennsylvania Rep. Gouverneur Morris, chairman of the Committee on Style at the Constitutional Convention, had smuggled in the semicolon in order to make Congress’s taxing power limitless, but that the alert Roger Sherman had the comma restored. The altered punctuation, Gallatin said, would have turned “words [that] had originally been inserted in the Constitution as a limitation to the power of levying taxes” into “a distinct power.” Thirty years later, Virginia Rep. Mark Alexander accused Secretary of State John Quincy Adams of doing the same thing after Congress instructed the administration to print copies of the Constitution.
The punctuation debate simply reinforced James Madison’s point in Federalist No. 41 that Congress could tax and spend only for those objects enumerated, primarily in Article I, Section 8….
Watching the documentary F*ck. Proper grammar is best taught through expletives.
- present participle: ’fucking’. Often used as an intensifier. ‘In-fix’s can be used to
further intensify the meaning i.e. ‘abso-fucking-lutely’
- noun: ’fuck’ i.e. ‘Dick is a lucky fuck’
- adjective:…
We would do things
no one’s ever written of.
And instead of writing it
on paper
I would write it
on your skin.
Words would be our bodies
tumbling through the sheets,
and all the gaps between:
our hearts in rising beats.
Nouns would press on you
with penetrating thrusts,
while verbs would curve
and twist your spine.
And how we’d love
the gravelled commas on our path -
a mouthful said,
yet so much more to give.
Then we’d feel the end come near
and wait the ink-splash in that final dot;
the dodgy semicolon saving drift,
giving ebb and flow to coming lines of print.
Our words - they’d intertwine
and dash through notes,
leaving only shredded shapes behind.
Typos, spellchecks - who gives a damn!
A chaos of quotation marks
holding us in ululating streams
and giving hope to brand new
paragraphs
of daring curves,
and streaming lines,
and stains of ink
on borders of the
bookmarked page;
and storms of
frantic punctuations,
shuddered tugs,
and currents
of concluding words.
And then
at last
an exclamation mark
of stilted screams!
Followed by
three dots in line
as all
the words
are lost…
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